The Beautiful Names of the Prophet

The Greatness of the Name Mustafa ﷺ

The greatness granted by Allah Almighty to our Beloved Master ﷺ is beyond the capacity of words to encompass. The magnificence and honor of his blessed name is such that it is written upon the Throne and the Kursi, inscribed on the leaves of Sidrat al-Muntaha and the trees of Paradise, and engraved upon the palaces of Jannah. In fact, the reality is that whatever honor these things received was only through the blessed name of the Noble Prophet ﷺ. All the Prophets and Messengers عليهم الصلوٰة والسلام continued to mention him and took promises from their respective nations regarding belief in him ﷺ. In every heavenly scripture, there is mention of the Noble Prophet ﷺ.

Books Written on the Seerah and Virtues of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ

In the field of biography, the greatest number of books have been written on the Seerah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. In the description of virtues, more books have been authored about his ﷺ excellences than anyone else in the world. In the form of poetry, the largest body of poetic work in history—namely na‘at—has been composed in his ﷺ praise. His ﷺ remembrance is found in the greatest number of languages. For centuries, speakers, preachers, and scholars have been extolling the greatness of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. Yet, the magnificence of the Holy Prophet ﷺ is such that Imam Yafi’i رحمۃ اللہ علیہ writes in Mirat al-Jinan: “The entire universe resounds with the qualities and perfections of the Noble Prophet ﷺ. And even if the whole world were to gather to enumerate these attributes, what they counted would be no more than a drop compared to the vast ocean.” A poet expressed the same reality in verse: “Lives came to an end and pens were broken, Yet even a single chapter of your attributes could not be completed.”

The Greatness of the Blessed Names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ

Even if we were to speak only about the blessed names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, the discussion would still remain incomplete. In the Noble Qur’an, several of his blessed names are mentioned. In the scriptures revealed to earlier Prophets, the Noble Prophet ﷺ was referred to by different names. In the blessed ahadith as well, many of his names are recorded. The scholars of Islam, when enumerating his blessed names, stated that their number corresponds to the Divine Names. Just as Allah Almighty has ninety-nine names, likewise, in number, the Noble Prophet ﷺ has ninety-nine names. Yet in reality, the Names of Allah Almighty are without limit or end. The grandeur that Allah Almighty has bestowed upon His Beloved ﷺ cannot truly be expressed by creation. For this very reason, when Imam Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti رحمۃ اللہ علیہ wrote a book solely on the blessed names of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ, he listed one thousand of his names in it. The renowned Hanafi scholar, Allama Hashim Thattawi رحمۃ اللہ علیہ, also authored a dedicated work on the blessed names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, in which he recorded more than one thousand names. If this is the magnificence of merely his blessed names, then how can one truly comprehend the grandeur of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ himself?

Course Topics and Events Related to the Blessed Names of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ

In this course, we will learn about the following subjects, which are presented here for the participants: 1. The blessings and virtues of the blessed names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ 2. The blessed names of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ in the Noble Qur’an and the previous revealed scriptures 3. The blessed names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ in the ahadith and their explanation in the words of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ himself 4. Selected names of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ from the works of Aslaf, with brief explanations 5. The descriptive names of the Noble Prophet ﷺ mentioned in Durood Taj 6. The descriptive name of the Noble Prophet ﷺ, Ummi—its meaning and explanation 7. The blessed names of the city of the Prophet (Madinah Munawwarah) 8. The Holy Prophet’s ﷺ love for good names and incidents of changing names 9. Interesting events of the Noble Prophet ﷺ granting certain companions a kunyah 10. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ giving names to some of his personal belongings

The Importance of the Names of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ and the Blessings and Virtues of His Blessed Names

The blessed names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ are revered by all Muslims, and the respect and honor shown by the believers for the names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ are as clear as the sun. Even followers of other religions, despite their doctrinal differences, have regarded the blessed names of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ with respect and significance. Among the blessed names of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ, two—Muhammad and Ahmad—are his personal names. Both of these names are mentioned in the Noble Qur’an. Apart from these, all the other names of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ are descriptive names, and their number reaches into the hundreds. The abundance of the names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ is itself a proof of his greatness and lofty rank, for the multiplicity of someone’s names is due to the greatness of that person. As the well-known Arabic saying goes: کثرۃ الاسماء دالۃ علی العظمۃ— “The abundance of names is an indication of greatness.” Before delving into detailed information about the names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, let us first learn about the blessings and virtues of his two most noble names—Muhammad and Ahmad—because these names have been given special distinction in the narrations.

Those Named Muhammad and Ahmad Are Safe from Punishment

ُوقف عَبْدَانِ بَين يَدي الله عز وَجل فيأمر بهما إِلَى الْجنَّة فَيَقُولَانِ رَبنَا بِمَا استأهلنا مِنْكُم الْجنَّة وَلم نعمل عملا نجاز لَهُ الْجنَّة فَيَقُول الله عز وَجل لَهما عبَادي ادخلا فَإِنِّي آلَيْت على نَفسِي أَن لَا يدْخل النَّار من اسْمه أَحْمد وَمُحَمّد “Two servants will be made to stand before Allah Almighty on the Day of Judgment. It will be commanded: ‘Take them to Paradise.’ They will say: ‘Our Lord! For what deed have we become deserving of Paradise, when we did no action worthy of it?’ Allah Almighty will say to them: ‘Enter Paradise, for I have sworn upon Myself that whoever is named Ahmad or Muhammad will not enter the Fire.’” (Firdaws al-Akhbar bima’thur al-Khitab, Vol. 5, Hadith 8515) روى أبو نعيم بسنده مرفوعا قال الله تعالى وعزتي وجلالي لا عذبت أحدا تسمى باسمك في النار “Abu Nu‘aym narrates with his chain, raised (marfu‘), that Allah Almighty said: ‘By My Honor and Majesty! I will not punish anyone in the Fire who is named after your name (i.e., Muhammad or Ahmad).’” (Kashf al-Khafa, Hadith 1245)

Glad Tidings of Paradise for the One Named Muhammad and for the One Who Names Him Muhammad

من ولد له مولود ذكر فسماه محمدا حبا لي وتبركا باسمي كان هو ومولوده في الجنة “Whoever is blessed with a male child, and he names him Muhammad out of love for me and seeking blessings through my name, then he (the father) and his child will both enter Paradise.” (Kanz al-‘Ummal, Hadith 45223)

Having Multiple Children Named Muhammad in One Household

ما ضر أحدكم لو كان في بيته محمد ومحمدان وثلاثة “What harm would there be for any of you if in his home there was one Muhammad, or two Muhammads, or even three Muhammads?” (Kanz al-‘Ummal, Hadith 45205)

Respect for One Who Is Named Muhammad

إذا سميتم الولد محمدا فأكرموه وأوسعوا له في المجلس ولا تقبحوا له وجها “When you name a boy Muhammad, then honor him, make space for him in a gathering, and do not attribute anything bad to him.” (Jami‘ al-Saghir, Hadith 557) From these noble ahadith, we come to know the virtues and blessings of the names Muhammad and Ahmad, and how full of blessings the Beloved Prophet’s ﷺ blessed name truly is. And if respect has been commanded even for the one who is named with this noble name, then how deep should the reverence and honor of a Muslim be for his Holy Prophet ﷺ himself. May Allah Almighty grant us the blessings of the names Muhammad and Ahmad.

Some names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ from the Books of the Aslaf and their brief explanations

Imam Jalaluddin Suyuti Shafi'i رحمۃ اللہ علیہ authored a book titled "Al-Riyadh al-Aniqa fi Sharh Asma' Khair al-Khalifa," in which he documented approximately one thousand names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. Besides this, other scholars have also written books on the names of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. Since it is not possible to mention all the names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ here, only 29 names will be listed based on the alphabetical order.

اطیب الاخلاق (The Most Virtuous of Manners/Character)

The meaning of the word اطیب الاخلاق is "the one with the purest of manners." The Holy Prophet ﷺ possesses the purest of manners. Regarding his character, Allah Almighty stated in the Holy Quran: وَ اِنَّكَ لَعَلٰى خُلُقٍ عَظِیْمٍ Translation: "And (O Beloved), your (excellent) is undoubtedly of a superb standard." (Part 29, Surah Al-Qalam, Verse 4)

بصیر (All-Seeing)

The meaning of the word "Al-Baseer" is "the All-Seeing," or "the One who sees the apparent and the hidden." For the Noble Prophet ﷺ, Allah Almighty contracted the earth, and he ﷺ saw all its parts from the east to the west. The extent of his ﷺ insight was such that he ﷺ would even know the inner states of people. When a questioner would come seeking to ask, the Noble Prophet ﷺ would inform him of his question and its answer even before he asked. Therefore, one of his ﷺ names is "Baseer."

تُقیٰ (The Pious/God-fearing)

The meaning of the word "Tuqa" is "the one who fears Allah the most." The Holy Prophet ﷺ is a mercy for all the worlds. Through his grace, the Ummah will be forgiven. He holds the highest proximity to Allah Almighty. Despite being infallible and free from sin, he feared Allah Almighty the most. Regarding his ﷺ manner of weeping out of fear of Allah Almighty, it is narrated that Abdullah bin Shikhkhir رضی اللہ عنہ said: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي وَلِجَوْفِهِ أَزِيزٌ كَأَزِيزِ الْمِرْجَلِ Translation: "I came to the Beloved Prophet ﷺ while he was praying, and ( due to fear of Allah) there was a sound coming from his chest like the sound of a boiling pot (due to weeping)." (Sunan An-Nasa'i, Hadith 1214)

(الثمال) Al-Thimal

"The word 'Al-Thimal' means 'refuge.' The Holy Prophet ﷺ is a refuge. By attaching oneself to his protection, one attains peace and safety. By obeying and following him, a believer will succeed in achieving the eternal blessings of Paradise.

(جامع الکمالات) Possessor of All Excellences/Virtues

The word "Al-Jami'" means "a collection of perfections." In your (referring to Beloved Prophet ﷺ) personality, Allah Almighty gathered every excellence in its most complete form. Your (Beloved Prophet ﷺ) truthfulness, trustworthiness, bravery, knowledge, forbearance, justice, and compassion are unparalleled. The Beloved Prophet’s ﷺ speech had such sweetness and your character such radiance that everyone who saw you became devoted to you. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ is truly a being whose perfections cannot be fully comprehended by human intellect.

(الحیی) one who possesses modesty/shyness

The word "Al-Hayy" means "one who possesses modesty/shyness." The modesty of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ is a quality that Allah Almighty has mentioned in the Holy Quran. Similarly, in the noble Hadith, the modesty of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ is described as follows: "The Holy Prophet ﷺ was more modest than a veiled virgin girl." He ﷺ also encouraged the adoption of modesty and shame. Therefore, one of the Holy Prophet's ﷺ attributes is also "Al-Hayy.

(الخاتَم) The Seal

The word Al-Khatam means "the Last Prophet." The Prophet of Mercy ﷺ is the last Prophet of Allah Almighty, and this attribute "Al-Khatam" is fitting because he ﷺ came last among all the Prophets عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ. No new prophet will come after him ﷺ.

(دائم البِشر) Ever-Smiling / Constantly Happy

"Daa'im al-Bishr" means "one who is always cheerful." Whenever the Holy Prophet ﷺ met anyone, he would do so with a smiling face, cheerfully, and in a pleasant manner. He was always content with Allah's will and never complained even in the face of severe difficulties and hardships. Throughout every stage of his life, regardless of the circumstances, he maintained a smile on his face that brought peace and comfort to the hearts of others. The companions رضي الله عنهم used to say that whenever they saw the Holy Prophet ﷺ, there was a special, radiant smile on his blessed face. His cheerfulness was not merely outward but also a sign of inner peace and complete certainty in Allah Almighty.

(ذوا لمعجزات الباھرۃ) Possessor of Dazzling Miracles

The phrase "Dhu al-Mu'jizat al-Bahira" means "Possessor of Dazzling Miracles." The Aslaf included this name among the attributive names of the Noble Prophet ﷺ, which speaks to his countless miracles. Allah Almighty bestowed upon him ﷺ miracles that astonished minds and illuminated hearts with faith. The companions witnessed these miracles with their own eyes and became even more steadfast in their faith. These miracles not only served as guidance for the people of his time but continue to inspire love and faith in the hearts of Muslims today when they are mentioned.

(رفیع الدرجات) Elevated in Ranks / Exalted in Status

The phrase "Rafī' al-Darajat" means "Elevated in Ranks." Allah Almighty granted the Noble Prophet ﷺ superiority over all prophets and creation. On the night of Mi'raj, he was granted a station that no other creature could reach. His ranks are the highest in both this world and the hereafter. Allah the Most Generous elevated his remembrance, as stated in the Holy Quran: وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ Translation: "And We have elevated your remembrance for your sake." (Part 30, Surah Alam Nashrah, Verse 4)

(زین المعاشر) Adornment of Companionship/Social Gatherings

The phrase "Zayn al-Ma'ashir" means "Adornment of Companionship/Social Gatherings." When the Holy Prophet ﷺ was seated with his companions, observers would feel as if the full moon of the fourteenth night was illuminating the world with its radiance amidst a cluster of stars. A couplet is attributed to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr رضی اللہ عنہ, in which he describes a descriptive name of the Holy Prophet ﷺ: فَکَیْفَ الحَیَاةُ لِفَقْدِ الحَبِیبِ وَزِینُ المُعَاشِرِ وَالمَشهَدِ How can life be enjoyable after the departure of the beloved, While you ﷺ are the adornment of gatherings? (Sharh Asma an-Nabi al-Kareem, page 192)

(سید الکونین) Master of the Two Worlds

The phrase "Sayyid al-Kawnayn" means "Master of the Two Worlds." Allah Almighty granted the Prophet of Mercy ﷺ sovereignty and dominion over both worlds. In this regard, one of his attributive names is also "Sayyid al-Kawnayn."

(الشارع) The one who teaches religion

The word "Ash-Shari'" means "the one who teaches religion." The Holy Prophet ﷺ did not merely deliver the message of Allah's oneness; one of his attributes is also that he ﷺ taught the teachings and commands of the religion he brought. Allah Almighty states: وَ یُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتٰبَ وَ الْحِكْمَةَ Translation: "And teach them Your Book and sound knowledge (i.e. wisdom)." (Part 02, Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 129)

(صادق الوعد) Truthful in Promise / Fulfiller of Promises

The phrase "Sadiq al-Wa'd" means "truthful in promise." The Beloved Prophet’s ﷺ truthfulness in keeping promises was so well-known that the people of Makkah knew you were firm in your word and very true to your promises even before you announced your prophethood. Therefore, one of your attributes is also being Sadiq al-Wa'd.

(الضمین) The Guarantor / The Surety

The word "Ad-Damin" means "the guarantor of the Ummah," or "the one who takes responsibility." The Holy Prophet ﷺ stated on various occasions, "Act upon such-and-such, and I will be your guarantor," meaning, "It is my responsibility to ensure your salvation." He encouraged his followers to refrain from various sins and actions that incur Allah's displeasure and also granted them the guarantee of Paradise. Therefore, one of his ﷺ attributes is also "Ad-Damin."

(الطبیب) The Physician / The Healer

The word "At-Tabeeb" means "the spiritual and physical physician/healer." Whether it's the treatment of physical ailments or spiritual diseases, the blessed being of the Holy Prophet ﷺ is in every respect an excellent healer and guide.

(الظاہر) The Manifest / The Apparent

The word "Az-Zahir" means "the one who gains dominance." The prophethood and messengership of the Prophet of Mercy ﷺ are not restricted by time or place. Rather, Allah Almighty sent him as a Prophet and Messenger for all humanity. Furthermore, Allah granted him dominance over all future generations of humanity until the Day of Judgment, in terms of morality, worship, dealings, character, and speech. Therefore, one of his ﷺ attributes is "Az-Zahir," meaning "the one who gains dominance."

(العالم) The Knower / The Knowledgeable One

The word Al-Alim means "the Knower." Allah the Most Generous bestowed upon you ﷺ the knowledge of all that was and all that will be. By Allah's grace, you know everything. Allah taught you all that you did not know before. Allah Almighty states: وَ اَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ عَلَیْكَ الْكِتٰبَ وَ الْحِكْمَةَ وَ عَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُؕ-وَ كَانَ فَضْلُ اللّٰهِ عَلَیْكَ عَظِیْمًا Translation: "And Allah has sent down upon you the Book and wisdom, and taught you whatever you did not know, and upon you is the great Benevolence of Allah." (Part 05, Surah An-Nisa, Verse 113)

(الغوث) The Helper / The Succourer

The word Al-Ghawth means "the helper." The Prophet of Mercy ﷺ, with Allah's permission, is the helper of the helpless, the weak, the feeble, and the oppressed. In the plain of resurrection (Mahshar), he will also help his sinful followers by interceding for them before their Lord.

(الفطن) The Intelligent

The word 'الفطن' (al-fatan) means 'intelligent.' Almighty Allah has blessed you with immense understanding and insight. The Holy Prophet's ﷺ power of perception, comprehension, intellect, and awareness is unparalleled. Allah Almighty bestowed upon His Beloved Prophet ﷺ such intelligence that the intelligence of all human beings in the entire world is like a mere grain of sand compared to it.

(قائد المساکین) Chief of the Needy

The phrase 'قائد المساکین' (Qa'id al-Masakin) means 'Leader and Chief of the poor.' The Holy Prophet ﷺ used to help the needy and the destitute, fulfilling whatever they required. That's why he was given the title 'Qa'id al-Masakin'.

(کریم) Generous

The word "کریم" (Kareem) means "the Generous One" or "the Benevolent One." This attribute of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ has been mentioned by Allah Almighty in the Holy Quran: اِنَّهٗ لَقَوْلُ رَسُوْلٍ كَرِیْم Translation: "This (i.e. the Qur’aan) is indeed the recitation of an honoured Messenger (i.e. the angel Jibra’eel)." (Para 30, Surah At-Takwir, Verse 19)

(اللطیف) The Kind

The word 'اللطیف' (Al-Latif) means 'The Most Kind.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the embodiment of kindness and benevolence; his character was subtle and graceful, his appearance was subtle and pleasing, his conduct was gentle, and his speech was also subtle and kind. May Allah Almighty grant us the ability to embody the devotion, love, character, and ethics of this kind and benevolent Master, the Beloved Prophet ﷺ, in our actions.

(المتبسم)The Smiling One

The word 'المتبسم' (Al-Mutabassim) means 'The Smiling One.' The blessed face of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ always showed signs of happiness, and a smile and cheerfulness constantly adorned his radiant face. That is why he is also known as 'Al-Mutabassim'.

(ناطق) Orator

The word 'ناطق' (Natiq) means 'the one who speaks.' The speech of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ was concise yet impactful. His words deeply influenced hearts. The Beloved Prophet's ﷺ sayings would penetrate people's hearts and guide them. When the Beloved Prophet ﷺ spoke to someone, those words would bring about a transformation in their lives.

(ولی) friend and helper

The word 'ولی' (Wali) means 'friend and helper.' The Holy Prophet ﷺ is the helper of his followers in this world and the Hereafter.

(ھاد) Guide

The word 'ھاد' (Had) means 'the one who guides.' Our Beloved Prophet ﷺ is the one who guides towards the path of goodness and guides away from evil. In short, Allah Almighty sent the Beloved Prophet ﷺ as pure guidance to lead the Ummah. That is why the Holy Prophet ﷺ is also 'ھادی' (Hadi - The Guide).

یس

The word 'یس' (Yaseen) is from the Huruf Muqattaʿat. Commentators have also counted these Huruf Muqattaʿat among the names of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ.

The names of the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in the Hadith

The Beloved Prophet ﷺ himself mentioned his various names and also explained them. A Hadith from Bukhari and Muslim states: عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعَمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " إنَّ لِي أَسْمَاءً: أَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَنَا أَحْمَدُ وَأَنَا الْمَاحِي الَّذِي يَمْحُو اللّٰهُ بِي الْكُفْرَ وَأَنَا الْحَاشِرُ الَّذِي يُحْشَرُ النَّاسُ عَلٰى قَدَمِي وَأَنَا الْعَاقِبُ ". وَالْعَاقِبُ: الَّذِي لَيْسَ بَعْدَهٗ شَيْءٌ. (مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ) Translation: Narrated by Jubair ibn Mut'im: I heard the Beloved Prophet ﷺ saying, "I have several names: I am Muhammad, I am Ahmad, I am Al-Mahi (the Effacer) by whom Allah erases disbelief, I am Al-Hashir (the Gatherer) at whose feet people will be gathered, and I am Al-Aqib (the Successor)." And Al-Aqib is he after whom there is no prophet. (Jami' Tirmidhi, Hadith 2840) Another Hadith in which the Holy Prophet ﷺ mentioned some more of his names: عَنْ أَبِي مُوْسَی الْأَشْعَرِيِّ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: کَانَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ صلی الله عليه وآله وسلم يُسَمِّي لَنَا نَفْسَه أَسْمَاءً. فَقَالَ: أَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، وَأَحْمَدُ، وَالْمُقَفِّي، وَالْحَاشِرُ، وَنَبِيُّ التَّوْبَةِ، وَنَبِيُّ الرَّحْمَةِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ وَأَحْمَدُ وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ Translation: Narrated by Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari رضی اللہ عنہ: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned some of his names to us. He said, "I am Muhammad, I am Ahmad, I am Al-Muqaffi (the Last in Succession), I am Al-Hashir (the Gatherer), I am Nabi al-Tawbah (the Prophet of Repentance/Returning to Allah), and I am Nabi al-Rahmah (the Prophet of Mercy/Distributor of Mercy)." (Sahih Muslim, Hadith 2355) The Beloved Prophet ﷺ himself mentioned these names and, in the first Hadith, also explained the reason behind three of them. The reasons for the names Muhammad and Ahmad were not mentioned in this Hadith, but they are present in other narrations. The virtues and blessings of the names Muhammad and Ahmad have already been discussed in the first phase of this course, and their meanings and reasons were explained in the second phase. Here, a brief explanation of the meanings of the other names in the Hadith is presented.

(أَنَا الْمَاحِي) I am Al-Mahi

The word "ماحی" (Mahi) means "the effacer" or "the one who wipes out." The Beloved Prophet ﷺ himself mentioned the reason for this name: "By me, Allah will efface disbelief." And this is exactly what happened. When the Holy Prophet ﷺ declared his prophethood, some trials came, but he did not abandon inviting people to the religion. The result was that people rapidly inclined towards Islam, to the extent that entire delegations began to come into the presence of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ and embrace Islam. Allah Almighty has also mentioned this in the Holy Quran: وَرَاَیْتَ النَّاسَ یَدْخُلُوْنَ فِیْ دِیْنِ اللّٰهِ اَفْوَاجًا Translation: "And you see people entering the religion of Allah in droves." (Para 30, Surah An-Nasr, Verse 02)

(أَنَا الْحَاشِرُ) I am Al-Hashir

The word "حاشر" (Hashir) means "the gatherer." The Holy Prophet ﷺ himself mentioned the reason for this name: "People will be gathered at my feet," and this will happen on the Day of Judgment. First, the Holy Prophet ﷺ will rise from his blessed grave, and then all of creation will rise after him. The people of the gathering place will then be awaiting intercession. They will gather and go to each prophet علیہ الصلوۃ والسلام, one by one, and finally, all will gather before the Beloved Prophet ﷺ and request intercession. This is clearly mentioned in the Hadith. That is why the Holy Prophet ﷺ is Hashir. (Summarized from Mirat al-Manajih, commentary on Hadith 5776)

(أَنَا الْعَاقِبُ اور وَالْمُقَفِّي) I am Al-Aqib and Al-Muqaffi

The word ‘Aaqib means “the one who comes last.” Similarly, al-Muqaffi also means “the one who comes after all.” Here, both are explained together. The Noble Prophet ﷺ himself mentioned the reason for this name and said: “Aaqib is the one after whom there shall be no prophet.” From this explanation of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ, not only do we learn why he is called Aaqib, but it also becomes clear that he ﷺ is the final Prophet of Allah Almighty, and after him no new prophet can come. As for the return of Sayyiduna Isa عليه الصلاة والسلام near the end of times, it does not negate the belief in the Finality of Prophethood of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, because Sayyiduna Isa عليه الصلاة والسلام will not come as a new prophet; his period of prophethood has already passed. He will return in the capacity of being an Ummah-member of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. May Allah Most High grant us steadfastness upon this belief and creed. Another Hadith in which the Holy Prophet ﷺ mentioned some of his names: Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari رضي الله عنه narrated: عَنْ أَبِي مُوْسَی الْأَشْعَرِيِّ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: کَانَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ ﷺ يُسَمِّي لَنَا نَفْسَه أَسْمَاءً. فَقَالَ: أَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، وَأَحْمَدُ، وَالْمُقَفِّي، وَالْحَاشِرُ، وَنَبِيُّ التَّوْبَةِ، وَنَبِيُّ الرَّحْمَةِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ وَأَحْمَدُ وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would mention for us some of his names. He said: ‘I am Muhammad, I am Ahmad, I am al-Muqaffi (the one who comes last), I am al-Hashir (the one after whom people will be gathered), I am Nabi al-Tawbah (the Prophet of repentance), and I am Nabi al-Rahmah (the Prophet of mercy).’” (Sahih Muslim, Hadith 2355)

(نَبِيُّ التَّوْبَةِ) Prophet of Repentance

The scholars have explained the title Nabi al-Tawbah (Prophet of Repentance) in various ways. Imam Ahmad Raza Khan رحمه الله, in his book, mentioned thirteen reasons for this name based on Hadith and their commentaries, and he also added four additional reasons of his own. Here, we will mention five of those explanations. First Reason: The Beloved Prophet ﷺ himself was abundantly repentant, frequently turning to Allah in repentance, despite the fact that the Prophets عليهم الصلاة والسلام are completely sinless. His frequent repentance was for the purpose of teaching his Ummah. In Sahih al-Bukhari, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “I seek forgiveness from Allah one hundred times every day.” Second Reason: Through the guidance of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, the entire world (meaning countless nations and groups of people) attained the blessing of repentance and turning back to Allah. Upon hearing his call, diverse communities and different nations turned back towards Allah the Almighty. Third Reason: The repentance of the Ummah of the Noble Prophet ﷺ has been accepted more than that of all other nations. For their repentance, it was sufficient to feel remorse, to immediately abandon the sin, and to resolve never to return to it. The Noble Prophet ﷺ relieved them of burdens and did not place upon them the severe conditions that were imposed upon previous nations. The repentance of earlier nations was often bound by strict and difficult conditions. Fourth Reason: The servants of Allah have been commanded to present themselves before the Beloved Prophet ﷺ when seeking repentance and forgiveness. Indeed, Allah hears everywhere; His knowledge, His hearing, and His witnessing encompass all places. However, Allah decreed: when you seek repentance from Me, come to My Beloved Prophet ﷺ: وَ لَوْ اَنَّهُمْ اِذْ ظَّلَمُوْۤا اَنْفُسَهُمْ جَآءُوْكَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا اللّٰهَ وَ اسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُمُ الرَّسُوْلُ لَوَجَدُوا اللّٰهَ تَوَّابًا رَّحِیْمًا “And if when they (i.e. people) do injustice to their own souls (by committing sins), they should then present themselves in your august court, O Beloved, and then seek forgiveness from Allah, and the Messenger intercedes for them; they would therefore definitely find Allah the Greatest Acceptor of repentance, the Most Merciful.” (Surah al-Nisa, 4:64) Fifth Reason: For the Ummah of the Noble Prophet ﷺ, the door of repentance will remain open until the end of time. In previous Prophethoods, if someone did not repent at the hands of one Prophet, but did so at the hands of a Prophet who came later, their repentance was still accepted. However, with the arrival of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ, the door of Prophethood was sealed. When, before the Day of Judgment, his Ummah departs from the world (leaving only disbelievers behind), the door of repentance will also be closed. Whoever does not repent at the hands of the Noble Prophet ﷺ (meaning whoever does not believe in him), for such a one, there will be no repentance accepted anywhere else.

(نَبِيُّ الرَّحْمَةِ) Prophet of Mercy

The meaning of Nabi al-Rahmah is "the Prophet who grants mercy." Allah Almighty sent the Beloved Prophet ﷺ as a mercy for all the worlds. This has also been mentioned in the Noble Qur’an: وَ مَاۤ اَرْسَلْنٰكَ اِلَّا رَحْمَةً لِّلْعٰلَمِیْنَ Translation: “And We did not send you (O Beloved) but as mercy for all the worlds.” (Para 17, Surah Al-Anbiya, Verse 107) The mercy of the Noble Prophet ﷺ is extremely vast. Human intellect is incapable of encompassing its full extent, because his mercy is not confined merely to mankind; rather, all of the worlds are included in his mercy. For this reason, he is Nabi al-Rahmah. These names of the Noble Prophet ﷺ have been mentioned in various Ahadith, some of which the Beloved Prophet ﷺ himself explained, while others have been supported through the Qur’an and Hadith. In the next stage, we shall mention those blessed names of the Noble Prophet ﷺ which the pious predecessors have recorded in their books.

Explanation and Elucidation of the attributive name 'Ummi' of the Holy Prophet ﷺ

Allah Almighty bestowed upon the Beloved Prophet ﷺ, immense perfections and unique characteristics. Among these is his attribute of being "Ummi." This title was granted by Allah Almighty specifically to the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. The word "Ummi" means "one who does not know how to read or write." While being "Ummi" might be considered a shortcoming for ordinary people, in the context of Allah's Beloved Prophet ﷺ, it signifies being free from all imperfections, praiseworthy, and possessing complete knowledge. This is because when the attribute of "Ummi" is associated with the Beloved Prophet ﷺ, it means that he did not learn to read or write from any human teacher. Instead, Allah Almighty bestowed upon him such glory and eminence that he knew how to read without having been taught and how to write without having learned. It is also evident from narrations that on certain occasions, he ﷺ even taught the Companions (Sahaba) who wrote down the revelations how to write. This special mention of the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ descriptive name "Ummi" is also made because some individuals, due to a lack of understanding, misinterpret its meaning in a way that is not befitting the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ esteemed status. Scholars have even written independent books on this attribute.

The Holy Quran's descriptive name for the Prophet ﷺ: Ummi

Allah Almighty mentions the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ attribute of "Ummi" in two places in the Holy Quran. He says: اَلَّذِیْنَ یَتَّبِعُوْنَ الرَّسُوْلَ النَّبِیَّ الْاُمِّیَّ الَّذِیْ یَجِدُوْنَهٗ مَكْتُوْبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِی التَّوْرٰىةِ وَ الْاِنْجِیْلِ Translation: "Those who will be in service to this Messenger (the Prophet Muhammad) who is untutored (in any usual system of learning; rather, taught by Allah only); the Conveyor of the unseen news, whom they will find mentioned in the Tawrah and the Injeel (which is) with them." (Part 9, Surah Al-A'raf, Verse 157). The second mention is in the very next verse of the same Surah: فَاٰمِنُوْا بِاللّٰهِ وَ رَسُوْلِهِ النَّبِیِّ الْاُمِّیِّ الَّذِیْ یُؤْمِنُ بِاللّٰهِ وَ كَلِمٰتِهٖ وَ اتَّبِعُوْهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُوْنَ Translation: "Therefore, believe in Allah and His Messenger who is untutored (by any creation; rather, tutored by the Creator), the Conveyor of the unseen news; that he believes in Allah and His Words. And (O people) obey him (as servants), that you may be guided." (Part 9, Surah Al-A'raf, Verse 158).

The meaning of Ummi from the Quranic verse

Indeed, the scholars of Tafsir (exegesis) have explained the attribute of "Ummi" using a verse from the Holy Quran. Allah Almighty states: وَمَا كُنْتَ تَتْلُوْا مِنْ قَبْلِهٖ مِنْ كِتٰبٍ وَّ لَا تَخُطُّهٗ بِیَمِیْنِكَ اِذًا لَّارْتَابَ الْمُبْطِلُوْنَ Translation: "And (O Beloved) you were not reading any Book before it, nor writing anything with your own hand; in that case, the people of falsehood would have definitely doubted." (Part 21, Surah Al-Ankabut, Verse 48) In the interpretation of this verse, Imam Ali bin Ibrahim رحمۃ اللہ علیہ writes: Before the revelation of the Holy Quran, you did not recite any book, nor did you write anything with your hand. If you had written or read, the People of the Book (Jews and Christians) would surely have said that the description of the Last Prophet in our books mentions that "he will be Ummi, neither writing nor reading, whereas this one is not." Or the polytheists of Makkah would have objected, saying that perhaps you learned the Quran from others and wrote it down yourself. (Tafsir Khazin)

The Holy Prophet's ﷺ being Ummi is a miracle

Allama Qadi Iyad رحمۃ اللہ علیہ writes in Shifa Sharif: "Among the most important and greatest of the prophetic miracles is the Holy Quran, which encompasses knowledge and insights. It contains such virtues and noble characteristics through which Allah Almighty has praised and extolled the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. It is astonishing that a person who never studied with anyone in the world, never wrote anything, nor ever sat before a teacher in any school, should manifest such accomplishments. Therefore, being 'Ummi' in this way is not an insult, but rather it is counted among the miracles."

Wisdoms Behind the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ Being Ummi

Allama Jalaluddin Suyuti رحمۃ اللہ علیہ beautifully explained several wisdoms behind the Holy Prophet's ﷺ attribute of being "Ummi". Here are a few of them: 1. If the Beloved Prophet ﷺ had written, his blessed writing might have sometimes reached people who wouldn't recognize its sanctity and wouldn't treat it with the respect it deserved. 2. Writing serves as a means for those who cannot memorize, just as a staff is an aid for the blind to walk. (Allah Almighty had granted the Holy Prophet ﷺ such immense power of memory that he had no need for writing.) 3. Another wisdom is one that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ himself stated, saying: لَا اُرِیْدُ الْخَطَّ لِاَنَّ ظِلَّ الْقَلَمِ یَقَعُ عَلٰی اِسْمِ اللہ تَعَالٰی "I do not desire to write, because the shadow of the pen falls upon the name of Allah Almighty." Allah Almighty rewarded this reverence of his ﷺ by removing his shadow from the earth, so that no one's foot would step on it. Therefore, the Beloved Prophet ﷺ had no shadow. (Al-Riyadh Al-Aniqah, page 19)

Benefits of the Holy Prophet's ﷺ Name Ummi

Sheikh-ul-Hadith Abdul Mustafa Azmi رحمۃ اللہ علیہ mentions in "Seerat-e-Mustafa": What is the true secret behind the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ title of "Ummi"? Who can reveal it other than the All-Knower of the Unseen, Allah Almighty? However, apparently, a few wisdoms and benefits are apparent: 1. The Holy Prophet ﷺ was to teach knowledge and wisdom to the entire world, and his only teacher was to be the Lord of all creation, not any human being. This ensures that no one could ever say, "The Beloved Prophet ﷺ is my taught student." 2. No one could ever imagine that if a certain person was the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ teacher, perhaps that person would be more knowledgeable than the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. 3. No one could ever harbor the misconception about the Beloved Prophet ﷺ that since he was a literate person, he himself created the verses of the Quran and presented them, and that the Quran was his own composition. 4. When the Beloved Prophet ﷺ taught the entire world the Book and wisdom, no one could say that he was presenting such invaluable and revolutionary teachings to the world by merely looking at old and previous books. 5. If the Beloved Prophet ﷺ had a teacher, he would have had to show reverence to that teacher. However, the Creator of the universe created the Beloved Prophet ﷺ for the entire world to revere him. Therefore, Allah Almighty did not permit His beloved to sit at the feet of anyone as a student, nor for anyone to be his teacher. (And Allah knows best.) Imam Ahmed Raza Khan رحمۃ اللہ علیہ states: ایسا اُمّی کس لئے مِنَّت کَشِ اُستاذ ہو کیا کفایت اس کو اقرء ربک الاکرم نہیں Explanation: There is no need for the Holy Prophet ﷺ to be indebted to any teacher when his Generous Lord Himself teaches and instructs him. In summary, being "Ummi" is not a defect for the blessed personality of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. Allah Almighty created His beloved free from all imperfections. Being "Ummi" actually enhances the greatness and glory of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ.

The attributive names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ in Durood Taj

Many pious predecessors, recognizing the immense virtue of Durood Shareef, have composed various forms of it. Examples include Dala'il al-Khayrat, which is an entire book dedicated to Durood. Similarly, Qaseeda Burdah Shareef, a very famous ode, particularly the line مولا یا صل وسلم دائما ابداً "Mawlaya Salli wa Sallim Da'iman Abada," is recited and heard frequently; this too is a form of Durood. Likewise, Durood Taj is another such Durood. Its special characteristic is that it is both concise and beautifully mentions the attributive names of the Holy Prophet ﷺ in an elegant manner. Here, we will provide a brief explanation of the attributive names of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ mentioned in this particular Durood.

Durood Taj

اَللّٰہُمَّ صَلِّ عَلٰی مُحَمَّدٍ صَاحِبِ التَّاجِ وَ الْمِعْرَاجِ وَ الْبُرَاقِ وَ الْعَلَمِ ط دَافِعِ الْبَلَآءِ وَ الْوَبَآءِ وَ الْقَحْطِ وَ الْمَرَضِ وَ الْاَلَمِ ط اِسْمُہٗ مَکْتُوْبٌ مَّرْفُوْعٌ مَّشْفُوْعٌ مَّنْقُوْشٌ فِی اللَّوْحِ وَ الْقَلَمِ ط سَیِّدِ الْعَرَبِ وَ الْعَجَمِ ط جِسْمُہٗ مُقَدَّسٌ مُّعَطَّرٌ مُّطَہَّرٌ مُّنَوَّرٌ فِی الْبَیْتِ وَ الْحَرَمِ ط شَمْسِ الضُّحٰی بَدْرِ الدُّجٰی صَدْرِ الْعُلٰی نُوْرِ الْہُدٰی کَہْفِ الْوَرٰی مِصْبَاحِ الظُّلَمِ ط جَمِیْلِ الشِّیَمِ ط شَفِیْعِ الْاُمَمِط صَاحِبِ الْجُوْدِ وَ الْکَرَمِط وَاللّٰہُ عَاصِمُہٗ وَ جِبْرِیْلُ خَادِمُہٗ وَ الْبُرَاقُ مَرْکَبُہٗ وَ الْمِعْرَاجُ سَفَرُہٗ وَ سِدْرَۃُ الْمُنْتَہٰی مَقَامُہٗ وَ قَابَ قَوْسَیْنِ مَطْلُوْبُہٗ وَ الْمَطْلُوْبُ مَقْصُوْدُہٗ وَ الْمَقْصَوْدُ مَوْجَوْدُہٗ سَیِّدِ الْمُرْسَلِیْنَ خَاتَمِ النَّبِیِّیْنَ شَفِیْعِ الْمُذْنِبِیْنَ اَنِیْسِ الْغَرِیْبِیْنَ رَحْمَۃٍ لِلْعٰلَمِیْنَ رَاحَۃِ الْعَاشِقِیْنَ مُرَادِ الْمُشْتَاقِیْنَ شَمْسِ الْعَارِفِیْنَ سِرَاجِ السَّالِکِیْنَ مِصْبَاحِ الْمُقَرَّبِیْنَ مُحِبِّ الْفُقَرَآءِ وَ الْغُرَبَآءِ وَ الْمَسَاکِیْنَ سَیِّدِ الثَّقَلَیْنِ نَبِیِّ الْحَرَمَیْنِ اِمَامِ الْقِبْلَتَیْنِ وَسِیْلَتِنَا فِیْ الدَّارَیْنِ صَاحِبِ قَابَ قَوْسَیْنِ مَحْبُوْبِ رَبِّ الْمَشْرِقَیْنِ وَ الْمَغْرِبَیْنِ جَدِّ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَیْنِ مَوْلَانَا وَ مَوْلَی الثَّقَلَیْنِ اَبِیْ الْقَاسِمِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللّٰہِ نُوْرِ مِّنْ نُوْرِ اللّٰہِ ط یَآ یُّہَا الْمُشْتَاقُوْنَ بِنُوْرِ جَمَالِہٖ صَلُّوْا عَلَیْہِ وَ اٰلِہٖ وَ اَصْحَابِہٖ وَ سَلِّمُوْا تَسْلِیْمًا O Allah Almighty, send mercy upon our Master and our Leader Muhammad ﷺ — the one of crown and ascension, of Buraq and exaltation, the remover of afflictions and epidemics, famine and illness, pain and hardship. The one whose noble name is written, elevated, and linked with the Name of Allah Almighty — inscribed and adorned in the Preserved Tablet and by the Pen. The Chief of the Arabs and non-Arabs, whose blessed body is free from all defects, the fountain of fragrance, utterly pure, light upon light, present in his house and sanctuary with all these states. He is the radiant and beautiful sun of the morning, the full moon of the fourteenth night, the source of loftiness, the light of guidance, the refuge of creation, the lamp of darkness, the possessor of the best character and conduct, the intercessor for the nations, the possessor of generosity and grace. Blessings and peace be upon him — the one whom Allah Almighty protects, Jibreel (Gabriel) is his servant, Buraq is his mount, Mi‘raj is his journey, Sidrat al-Muntaha is his station, Qab Qawsayn (the station of ultimate closeness to Allah) is his goal, and that very ultimate closeness is his sought-after purpose — and it has already been attained. He is the leader of all Messengers, the one who came after all Prophets, the intercessor for sinners, the comforter of travelers and strangers, the mercy for all the worlds, the solace of lovers and the fulfillment of the yearning ones, the sun of the sayings of the knowers, the lamp of the seekers, the light of the close ones, the candle of the ascetics, the one who shows love and affection to the poor, the needy, and the destitute. He is the chief of both jinn and humans, the Prophet of the Sacred Sanctuary of Makkah and the Sacred Sanctuary of Madinah, the Imam of both Qiblahs — Bayt al-Maqdis and the Ka‘bah, our means (of nearness) in this world and the Hereafter, the bearer of the glad tidings of Qab Qawsayn, the Beloved of the Lord of the Easts and the Wests, the grandfather of Imam Hasan and Imam Husain رضي الله عنهما, our Master, the guardian of all mankind and jinn, namely Abul Qasim Muhammad bin Abdullah ﷺ — the lofty light from the Light of Allah Almighty. O lovers of his light and beauty — send abundant salutations and peace upon his exalted being, his noble attributes, and upon his family and companions.

Blessings of Durood Taj

The pious elders رحمۃ اللہ علیہم اجمعین have also mentioned the blessings of this beautiful wording of Durood Sharif based on their own experiences. For encouragement, these blessings are being presented here: 1. For blessings in sustenance: Recite it seven times after Fajr prayer regularly. 2. For protection from enemies, oppressors, the envious, and rulers’ harm, and for removal of grief and poverty: Recite it forty-one times after ‘Isha prayer continuously for forty nights (without a break). 3. For protection from sorcery, evil effects, jinn, and shayatin, and for smallpox: Recite it eleven times, then blow (on oneself or the patient). Insha’Allah, it will be beneficial. 4. For purification of the heart: Recite it sixty times daily after Fajr prayer, three times after Asr prayer, and three times after ‘Isha prayer. 5. For attaining the honor of seeing the Beloved Prophet ﷺ in a dream: During the waxing days of the month (from the 1st to the 14th), on the night of Jumu‘ah, after ‘Isha prayer, perform wudu, wear clean clothes, apply fragrance, and recite this Durood Sharif one hundred and seventy times before sleeping. Continue this for eleven consecutive nights (without missing). Insha’Allah, one will be blessed with the vision of the Noble Prophet ﷺ. (Madani Panjsurah)

(صاحب التاج) The Possessor of the Crown

The phrase "صاحب التاج" means "The Possessor of the Crown". Here, the crown refers to the turban. That is, the Noble Prophet ﷺ is the one who wore the turban. It is narrated that the Beloved Prophet ﷺ used to wear the turban, and generally, he always adorned his blessed head with it. Due to this association, the title Sahib al-Taj has been used for the Holy Prophet ﷺ.

(صاحب المعرا) The Possessor of the Mi'raj

The title Sahib al-Mi‘raj means “the one granted Mi‘raj.” Mi‘raj is the great miracle of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ, which was bestowed upon him on the night of the 27th of Rajab al-Murajjab. During this miraculous journey, the Holy Prophet ﷺ was taken through the seven heavens, shown Paradise, and taken to Sidrat al-Muntaha, the Exalted Throne, and Bayt al-Ma‘mur. On that very night, Allah Almighty also granted His Beloved ﷺ the vision of Himself. Due to this great honor, the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been given the title Sahib al-Mi‘raj.

(دافع البلا) The Repeller of Calamity

The title Dafi‘ al-Bala means “the one who removes afflictions.” In reality, it is only Allah, the Lord of all the worlds, Who removes hardships and trials. However, Allah Almighty has also granted this attribute to His Beloved Prophet ﷺ. By the command of Allah, the Holy Prophet ﷺ would remove afflictions and difficulties. The greatest trial for the believers will be on the Day of Judgment, when everyone will be held accountable. At that time, too, the Beloved Prophet ﷺ will intercede for the believers and grant them deliverance from that trial. For this reason, he has been given the title Dafi‘ al-Bala.

(سید العرب والعجم) The leader of the Arabs and the non-Arabs

The title Sayyid al-Arab wal-Ajam means “the leader of the Arabs and the non-Arabs.” The Holy Prophet ﷺ is the leader of both Arabs and non-Arabs. A noble hadith states: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ ﷲِ ﷺ: *أَنَا سَیِّدُ وَلَدِ آدَمَ وَلَا فَخْرَ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “I am the leader of the children of Adam, and this is no boast.” (Ibn Majah, Hadith 4308)

(شفیع الامم) The intercessor of the Ummah

The title Shafi‘ al-Umam means “the intercessor of the Ummah.” On the Day of Judgment, the Noble Prophet ﷺ will intercede on behalf of his Ummah. He ﷺ will be the very first to intercede, and his intercession will be the very first to be accepted in the Divine Court of Allah Almighty. A noble hadith states: وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ شَافِعٍ، وَأَوَّلُ مُشَفَّعٍ، وَلَا فَخْرَ The Beloved Prophet ﷺ said: “I am the first to intercede, and the first whose intercession will be accepted, and this is no boast.” (Ibn Majah, Hadith 4308) Thus, one of his blessed titles is Shafi‘ al-Umam.

(صاحب الجود والکرم) The one of generosity and nobility

The title Sahib al-Jood wal-Karam means “the one of generosity and nobility.” The generosity of the Noble Prophet ﷺ has been mentioned in the course on his social life. Regarding his ﷺ generosity, Sayyiduna Safwan رضي الله عنه said to his people: أَي قوم أَسْلمُوا فو الله إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا لَيُعْطِي عَطَاءً مَا يَخَافُ الْفَقْرَ. “O my people! Accept Islam, for by Allah, Muhammad ﷺ gives in such abundance that he removes all fear of poverty.” (Mishkat al-Masabih, Hadith 5806) Thus, one of his blessed titles is Sahib al-Jood wal-Karam.

(محب الفقراء والغرباء) The one who loves the poor and the destitute

The title Muhibb al-Fuqara’ wal-Ghuraba’ means “the one who loves the poor and the destitute.” The Beloved Prophet ﷺ was filled with compassion for the poor, the needy, and the weak. Allah Almighty, describing his gentleness and mercy, says: فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍ مِّنَ اللّٰهِ لِنْتَ لَهُمْ “So, what a great mercy it is from Allah that, O Beloved, you became soft-hearted towards them.” (Part 4, Surah Aal-e-Imran, Ayah 159) Thus, one of his blessed titles is Muhibb al-Fuqara’ wal-Ghuraba’.

(وسیلتنا فی الدارین) Our means in both worlds

The title Waseelatuna fil-Darain means “our means in both worlds.” This signifies that in this world as well, the Noble Prophet ﷺ is our means before Allah Almighty, and on the Day of Judgment too, his blessed personality will be our means of salvation and forgiveness. Thus, one of his blessed titles is Waseelatuna fil-Darain.

صاحب قاب قوسین

The title Sahib Qab Qawsain refers to the special nearness that Allah Almighty granted the Beloved Prophet ﷺ during the Night of Mi’raj. In this connection, he ﷺ has been given the blessed title Sahib Qab Qawsain.

(نو ر من نور اللہ) Created from the Light of Allah

The title Nur min Nurillah means “Created from the Light of Allah.” This blessed name of the Holy Prophet ﷺ is derived from a hadith in which the Beloved Prophet ﷺ said to Sayyiduna Jabir رضي الله عنه: یاجابر! ان اللہ تعالیٰ قد خلق قبل الاشیاء نور نبیک من نورہ “O Jabir! Indeed, Allah Almighty created the light of your Prophet from His Light before creating all other things.” (Musannaf ‘Abd al-Razzaq) Allama Abdul Hakim Sharaf Qadri رحمه الله writes: “Allah Almighty created the Prophet’s light directly from His Own Light, without any intermediary.” (Aqaid o Nazriyat, p. 284)

The Beloved Prophet ﷺ naming his personal belongings

Naming one's belongings is also proven from the Seerah of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ used to name his turban (Imamah Shareef), his mounts, and even his goats. Following the example of the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ Seerah, it has also been the practice of our pious predecessors (Aslaf) to name their possessions. In this phase of the course, we are detailing the names of the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ various belongings and mounts. This is so that, by following the Usawa Rasool (Prophetic example), we too can name our own belongings and gain blessings by acting upon this aspect of the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ Seerah.

Names of the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ Possessions

The Blessed Utensils of the Holy Prophet ﷺ

The Noble Prophet ﷺ had five bowls, each with a different name. One bowl was called Sa‘ah, which means “spacious.” Another, which was quite large, was named Ghurra, meaning “radiant.” The third bowl was called Rayyan, meaning “full.” The fourth was named Mugheeth, which means “helper.” The fifth bowl was called Mudheeb, meaning “plated with silver,” as it had silver linings upon it.

The Blessed Mounts of the Holy Prophet ﷺ

Among the Noble Prophet’s ﷺ blessed mounts were a horse, a mule, a she-camel, and a donkey (commonly known in our terms as a donkey). The Horses: One was named Luhayf (long-tailed). Another was Dharb (strong and powerful). The third was Lizar (swift). The fourth was a black horse named Sakb (swift). The Mule: There was a mule of whitish-black color, named Duldul. The She-Camel: There was a she-camel named Qaswa. The Donkey: There was a donkey named Ya‘fur. (Nam Rakhnay Kay Ahkam, Page 111, Maktabatul Madina)

The Blessed Goats of the Holy Prophet ﷺ

Imam Muhammad bin Yusuf al-Salihi al-Shami رحمه الله has narrated in Subul al-Huda wal-Rashad: قال: كانت منائح رسول الله ﷺ من الغنم عشرا.الأولى: عجوة.الثانية: زمزم.الثالثة: سقيا.الرابعة: بركة. الخامسة: ورسة.السادسة: إطلال.السابعة: إطراف.الثامنة: قمرة.التاسعة: غوثة أو غوثيّةوعنز تسمى اليمن. “The milk-giving goats of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were ten in number.” Their names were as follows: 1. ‘Ajwa 2. Zamzam 3. Suqya 4. Barakah 5. Warsah 6. Itlal 7. Itraf 8. Qamrah 9. Ghawsiyyah 10. Yumn (Subul al-Huda wal-Rashad, vol. 7, p. 412, Beirut edition)

The Beloved Prophet’s ﷺ changing of names

The Holy Prophet ﷺ liked good names. For this reason, he ﷺ would change the names of some of his companions for various reasons, bestowing upon them names he preferred. In this section, we will learn about some of the individuals whose names were changed by the Holy Prophet ﷺ. From this practice of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ, we also learn that good names should be chosen, and names with undesirable meanings should be changed.

Renaming 'Abd al-Shams' to 'Abd al-Rahman'

Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه narrates: "In the جاهلية (pre-Islamic era of ignorance), my name was 'Abd al-Shams' (servant of the sun). Then, the Holy Prophet ﷺ changed my name to 'Abd al-Rahman'." (Monthly Faizan-e-Madinah, September 2023, referencing Usd al-Ghabah)

Renaming 'Barrah' to 'Zainab' and 'Juwayriyah'

The mothers of the believers, Sayyidatuna Zainab bint Jahsh and Sayyidatuna Zainab bint Abi Salamah رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُما, both had the name Barrah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ changed their names to Zainab. Similarly, Sayyidatuna Juwayriyah رضي الله عنها, also had the name Barrah, which the Beloved Prophet ﷺ changed to Juwayriyah. This was because the name Barrah means "piety" or "goodness," and the Holy Prophet ﷺ disliked it being said that he "left from goodness." (Fath al-Bari, under Hadith 6192)

Renaming 'Aasiyah' to 'Jamilah' and 'Aasi' to 'Mutee'

Sayyiduna Umar رضي الله عنه had a daughter named Aasiyah, which means "sinner." The Beloved Prophet ﷺ changed her name to Jamilah (meaning "beautiful"). Similarly, Sayyiduna Mutee' bin Aswad was previously named Aasi (sinner), and the Beloved Prophet ﷺ changed his name to Mutee'. (Sahih Muslim, Hadith 5605, 4628)

Renaming 'Jabbar' to 'Abd al-Jabbar'

'Abd al-Jabbar bin Harith رضي الله عنه previously had the name Jabbar. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ changed it, saying: "You are 'Abd al-Jabbar." (Monthly Faizan-e-Madinah, September 2023, referencing Usd al-Ghabah)

Renaming 'Aziz' to 'Abd al-Rahman'

Sayyiduna 'Abd al-Rahman bin Abu Sabrah's name was previously Aziz (which is one of Allah Almighty's attributive names). The Holy Prophet ﷺ changed it to 'Abd al-Rahman and said, "The best names are 'Abdullah, 'Abd al-Rahman, and Harith." (Monthly Faizan-e-Madinah, September 2023, referencing Usd al-Ghabah)

The Holy Prophet ﷺ bestowing names upon some Companions and kunyas upon others

Whether it is a person’s name or the name of an object, that name serves as an introduction to the individual or thing. This is why Islam emphasizes the importance of choosing good names and also encourages it. Allah Almighty, Himself mentioned in the Holy Qur’an regarding His own names that His names are beautiful, and He should be called upon using those names. Allah says: وَ لِلّٰهِ الْاَسْمَآءُ الْحُسْنٰى فَادْعُوْهُ بِهَا "And only for Allah are the Best Names; so, invoke Him with them." (Surah Al-A'raf, Ayah 180, Para 9) Similarly, in the Holy Qur’an, wherever the Prophets علیہم الصلوۃ والسلام are mentioned, there are also some places where Allah Almighty Himself gave names to the Prophets, highlighting the significance of naming. When Prophet Zakariya علیہ الصلوۃ والسلام was given the glad tidings of a child, he was also granted the name along with it. It is stated: یٰزَكَرِیَّاۤ اِنَّا نُبَشِّرُكَ بِغُلٰمِ-ﹰاسْمُهٗ یَحْیٰىۙ-لَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَّهٗ مِنْ قَبْلُ سَمِیًّا "O Zakariyya! We give you the glad tidings of a son whose name is Yahya. Before him, We have not made anyone of this name." (Surah Maryam, Ayah 7, Para 16) The Beloved Prophet ﷺ also encouraged giving good names and regarded a good name as the first gift given to a newborn child. He ﷺ said: اَوَّلُ مَا یُنْحِلُ الرَّجُلُ وَلَدَہٗ اِسْمُہٗ فَلْیُحْسِنْ اِسْمَہٗ "The first gift a man gives to his child is a good name, so he should choose it well." (Majma' al-Zawa'id, Hadith 8875)

The Holy Prophet ﷺ bestowed the name Abdullah

Sayyiduna Muti’ bin Aswad رضي الله عنه saw in a dream that he was given a pouch of dates. He narrated his dream to the Noble Prophet ﷺ. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ asked, "Is your wife expecting?" He replied, "Yes." The Beloved Prophet ﷺ said, "Soon, a son will be born to you." When the child was born, he brought him to the blessed presence of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. The Holy Prophet ﷺ gave him tahneek (placing chewed date into the baby’s mouth), named him Abdullah, and also made du'a for blessings for him. (Monthly Faizan-e-Madinah, September 2023)

The Holy Prophet ﷺ bestowed the name Ibrahim

Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari رضي الله عنه narrates: A son was born to me, so I took him to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ named him Ibrahim and gave him tahneek (placing chewed date into the baby’s mouth). (Sahih Muslim, Hadith 5615)

The Holy Prophet ﷺ bestowed the name Sinan

Sayyiduna Salamah Hudhali رضي الله عنه, who was shooting arrows in defense of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during the Battle of Hunain, received the glad tidings of the birth of his son at that time. He said, "Shooting arrows in the protection of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is dearer to me than this good news." Later, he brought his son to the blessed presence of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave him tahneek, placed his blessed saliva in the child’s mouth, bestowed supplication upon him, and named him Sinān (meaning the tip of a spear). (Monthly Faizan-e-Madinah, reference: Al-Isti‘ab, September 2023)

The Holy Prophet ﷺ bestowed the name Maryam

Sayyiduna Abu Maryam رضي الله عنه narrates: I appeared in the blessed service of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ and said, “O Messenger of Allah! A daughter was born to me last night.” The Beloved Prophet ﷺ replied, “Surah Maryam was revealed to me last night.” He then named my daughter Maryam and gave me the kunyah Abu Maryam (father of Maryam). (Monthly Faizan-e-Madinah, referenced from Usud al-Ghabah, September 2023)

The Holy Prophet ﷺ bestowed the name Yahya

Sayyiduna Yahya bin Khallaad رضي الله عنه was born and brought to the blessed presence of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. The Holy Prophet ﷺ chewed a date and performed tahneek and said, "I will give him a name that has not been given to anyone after Prophet Yahya bin Zakariya علیہ الصلوۃ والسلام." Then, he named him Yahya. (Monthly Faizan-e-Madinah, reference: Asad al-Ghabah, September 2023) Just as the Holy Prophet ﷺ gave good names, he also bestowed kunyas upon his Companions. The term kunya refers to a name that begins with Abu (father of), Umm (mother of), Ibn (son of), or Bint (daughter of).

The Holy Prophet ﷺ bestowed the kunya Abu Hurairah

Once, the Noble Prophet ﷺ noticed a small cat in the sleeve of Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah رضي الله تعالى عنه and said, یَااَبَا ہُرَیْرَۃ "Ya Aba Hurairah," meaning "O Father of the Little Cat." (Hurairah in Arabic means a small cat). (Umdat al-Qari, under Hadith 4393)

The Holy Prophet ﷺ bestowed the kunya Abu Turab

On one occasion, the Holy Prophet ﷺ came to the house of Sayyidah Fatimah al-Zahra رضي الله عنها and did not find Sayyiduna Ali al-Murtaza رضي الله عنه there. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ sent someone to look for him. The person returned and said, “O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he is lying in the mosque.” The Beloved Prophet ﷺ went to the mosque himself and found Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه resting. A part of his shawl had moved aside, and dust had settled on his side. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ began to gently wipe the dust from his side and said: قُمْ یَا ابا تُرَاب!قُم یَا ابا تُرَاب " Get up, O man of the dust! Get up, O man of the dust!" (Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 441)

The Holy Prophet ﷺ bestowed the kunya Abu Dharr

Commentator of Bukhari, Shamsuddin Muhammad bin Umar bin Ahmad Saffari Shafi'i, narrates: The kunya of Sayyiduna Abu Dharr Ghafari رضي الله عنه became "Abu Dharr" for this reason: He once had some bread with him, and suddenly ants appeared on it. He weighed the bread along with the ants, but there was no increase in its weight. He remarked, “Look at these ants! In the scales of this world, they have no noticeable effect, and the balance does not become heavier. But the scale of the Hereafter, despite being vast, is so light that even an ant can cause an increase in the weight.” From that day on, he was given the kunya "Abu Dharr." (Sharh al-Bukhari by al-Saffari, 2/44)

Names of the Prophet's City (Madinah Munawwarah)

Anything that attained a connection with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ became great. Madinah Munawwarah also has a connection with the Holy Prophet ﷺ. For this reason, the hearts of those who truly love the Beloved Prophet ﷺ are drawn to this city; indeed, their eyes remain tearful with the longing to be present in Madinah Munawwarah. The greatness of Madinah Munawwarah is also evident from the fact that scholars have mentioned more than one hundred names for this city. There is no other city in the entire world that has so many names. Here, we will learn a few names of the city of Madinah and their brief explanation so that the love for Madinah Munawwarah that is in our hearts may increase further.

طیبہ (Tayyibah)

The meaning of Tayyibah is "pure." The city of Madinah was named Tayyibah by the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ himself said: اِنَّ اللهَ اَمَرَنِي اَنْ اُسَمِّيَ الْمَدِينَةَ طَيْبَةَ Translation: "Allah Almighty commanded me to name Madinah as Tayyibah." (Mu'jam al-Kabir, Hadith 1987)

طابہ (Tabah)

"Tabah" means "favorite." In a blessed Hadith, the Beloved Prophet ﷺ stated that Allah Almighty Himself named Madinah Munawwarah as "Taabah." إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى سَمَّى الْمَدِينَةَ طَابَةَ Translation: "Indeed, Allah Almighty named Madinah as Taabah." (Sahih Muslim, Hadith 3357)

ارض اللہ (Ardhullah)

“Ardhullah" means "Allah's Earth." While indeed the entire universe belongs to Allah Almighty, this term is specifically mentioned in the Holy Quran in the context of migration (Hijrah). Since the esteemed companions رضي الله عنهم migrated to this land, it was also named "Ardhullah" in that reference. The Holy Quran states: قَالُوْۤا اَلَمْ تَكُنْ اَرْضُ اللّٰهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوْا فِیْهَا Translation: "they (i.e. the angels) say, ‘Was Allah’s earth not spacious enough for you that you could have migrated therein?’ " (Part 05, Surah An-Nisa, Ayah 97)

ارض الہجرۃ (Ardh al-Hijrah)

"Ardh al-Hijrah" means "the land towards which migration took place." While Muslims also migrated towards Abyssinia (Habsha), the land towards which the Holy Prophet ﷺ initially migrated was Madinah Munawwarah. The Holy Quran also mentions migration towards Allah's earth. In this context, this land is also known by the name "Ardh al-Hijrah." In the Holy Quran it is stated: قَالُوْۤا اَلَمْ تَكُنْ اَرْضُ اللّٰهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوْا فِیْهَا Translation: "they (i.e. the angels) say, ‘Was Allah’s earth not spacious enough for you that you could have migrated therein?’" (Part 05, Surah An-Nisa, Ayah 97)

حبیبہ (Habibah)

The word "Habibah" means "that which is loved" or "the beloved one." The Beloved Prophet ﷺ mentioned his love for this city in his supplication: اَللّٰهُمَّ حَبِّبْ اِلَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ كَحُبِّنَا مَكَّةَ اَوْ اَشَدَّ Translation: "O Allah! Make Madinah beloved to us as You made Makkah beloved to us, or even more so." (Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 1890) In this context, the city is also named Habibah and Mahboob (beloved).

حرم (Haram)

The word Haram means "honored" or "respected." This name for Madinah Munawwarah is also mentioned in hadiths, where it was stated: اَلمَدِینَۃُ حَرَمٌ Translation: "Madinah is a city of honor and respect." (Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 1870)

حسنہ (Hasana)

The word "Hasana" means "beauty." The city of Madinah possesses both outer and inner beauty. Its outer beauty lies in its gardens, towering mountains, springs, and refreshing breezes. The inner beauty of Madinah, however, stems from its connection to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. This city is also linked to the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ family and his companions. Furthermore, the Holy Prophet ﷺ himself, along with his companions and Ahl al-Bayt رضي الله عنهم, rests in this city.

خیر (Khayr)

The word "Khayr" means "a place of goodness/blessings." Madinah Munawwarah encompasses all goodness and blessings. It is mentioned in a blessed Hadith: اَلْمَدِينَةُ خَيْرٌ لَهُمْ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ Translation: "Madinah is better for them, if only they knew." (Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 1875)

الشافیہ (Ash-Shafiyah)

The word "Ash-Shafiyah" means "the healer.” Allah Almighty has placed healing in the soil of Madinah Munawwarah. In a sacred Hadith, the Holy Prophet ﷺ stated: "By the One in whose hand is my soul, اِنَّ فِیْ غُبَارِھَا شِفَاءً مِّنْ کُلِّ دَآءٍ Indeed, in the dust of pure Madinah there is a cure for every disease." (At-Targhib wat-Tarhib, Hadith 289)

قریۃ الانصار (Qaryat al-Ansar)

The term "Qaryat al-Ansar" means "the village/city of the Ansar." The reason for this name is that when the companions رضي الله عنهم migrated from Makkah to Madinah Munawwarah, the residents there helped those who had migrated. In this context, they are called Ansar, meaning "helpers," and Madinah Munawwarah is known as the city of the Ansar.

More Names of Madinah Munawwarah

You've seen just a few of Madinah Munawwarah's names with their meanings and significance. Besides these, Madinah has many more beautiful names. Here are a few more to pique your interest: دارُ الابرار، دارُ السنۃ، دارُ السلام، ذاتُ الحجر، ذاتُ النخل، سیدُ البلدان، ، طائب، المطیبہ، ، العاصمہ، قبۃُ الاسلام، قلبُ الایمان، المؤمنہ، المبارکہ، مبینُ الحلال والحرام، المحرمہ، المحفوظہ، المدینہ، المختارہ، المرزوقہ، المقدسہ، الناجیہ Each of these names carries a beautiful and profound meaning. May Allah grant us the privilege of visiting Madinah. The Holy Prophet ﷺ even highlighted Madinah's virtue by stating: مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ اَنْ يَّمُوتَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَلْيَمُتْ بِهَا Translation: "Whoever among you is able to die in Madinah, let him die there." فَاِنِّي اَشْفَعُ لِمَنْ يَمُوْتُ بِهَا Translation: "For indeed, I will intercede for whoever dies there." (Jami' Tirmidhi, Hadith 3943)