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He is the youngest of the blessed children of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. He was born in the sacred month of Dhul Hijjah, in the year 8 AH, in a place near Madinah called '’Aliyah', from the blessed womb of Sayyidah Maria Qibtiya رضی اﷲ تعالٰی عنہا.
The Treaty of Hudaybiyah was a ten-year truce between the Muslims and the Quraysh. In the light of this treaty, the tribe Banu Bakr formed an alliance with Quraysh, and Banu Khaza’ah joined Muslims. However, the Quraysh, in alliance with the Banu Bakr tribe, attacked the Banu Khuza'ah, who were allies of the Muslims. The people of Banu Khaza’ah entered the sanctuary of the Ka’bah to save their lives, but they were not spared even there. Twenty-three people of Banu Khaza’ah were killed in this attack. Banu Khaza’ah requested the Beloved Prophet ﷺ for help. He ﷺ sent a message to Quraysh saying: “Accept any one of the (following) three things:
The Quraysh chose the third option, effectively ending the truce.
As soon as the envoy of the Final Messenger of Allah ﷺ left, Quraysh realized their grave mistake, the Quraysh immediately sent Abu Sufyan to negotiate a new treaty, but he was paid no attention. Disappointed, Abu Sufyan publicly announced the renewal of the treaty in Masjid al-Nabawi, but received no response.
They asked him: “Did they respond to your announcement?” to which, Abu Sufyan replied: “No.” The disbelievers of Quraysh said: “It is nothing then; it is neither a peace treaty so that we can be relaxed, nor is it a declaration of war so that we may prepare for it.”
The Beloved Prophet ﷺ, with utmost secrecy, began preparations for the Battle. His intention was to surprise the Quraysh and attack when they are unaware of it.
Entry into Makkah:
In the eighth year of Hijrah, during the month of Ramadan, the Beloved Prophet ﷺ, with an army of approximately ten thousand, marched towards Makkah some tribes joined him on the way, making the number of the army 12,000.
Before entering Makkah, he ﷺ divided the army into two parts. In one part, he ﷺ himself was present, whereas the second part was given under the command of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Waleed رضي الله عنه, and he was ordered to enter Makkah following the other route.
Upon reaching Makkah, the first order that he ﷺ issued was as follows:
1. The one who surrenders is ensured protection.
2. The one who shuts his door is ensured protection.
3. The one who enters the Ka’bah is ensured protection.
4. The one enters the house of Abu Sufyan is ensured protection.
This merciful announcement of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ created a peaceful environment everywhere. There was no possibility left even for a drop of blood to be shed, but some people of Quraysh attacked the army of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Waleed رضي الله عنه resulting in three Muslims being martyred, and approximately twelve disbelievers being killed.
When the Beloved Prophet ﷺ saw that swords are being used and arrows are being fired, he ﷺ asked: “Why are swords being used despite forbidding from a war.” It was humbly replied: “The disbelievers started it.” The Beloved Prophet ﷺ said: “The Lord Almighty has sealed the fate. Whatever Allah Almighty willed is better.”
The Final Messenger of Allah ﷺ became the conqueror of Makkah, but the state of his humility was such that he ﷺ was sat upon his (she) camel reciting the blessed verses of Surah al-Fath with his blessed head lowered in a way that it was touching the saddle of his camel.
He ﷺ made his (she) camel sit and performed the Tawaf and kissed the Hajr al-Aswad. Then, he ﷺ commanded for all the idols to be removed from the Holy Ka’bah. When all the idols were removed, he ﷺ went inside, recited Takbeer in every corner of the Ka’bah, and offered two Raka’h Salah there.
Due to the conquest of Makkah, it became apparent to the entire Arabian Peninsula that Islam was true, leading many tribes to embrace Islam. However, upon hearing this news, the tribe of Hawazin, along with several smaller tribes, decided to attack the Muslims.
The Beloved Prophet ﷺ, upon receiving intelligence of this impending attack, set out with an army of 12,000 soldiers. The confrontation between the Islamic army and the disbelievers took place in a valley called Hunayn, located approximately 29 kilometers from Makkah and 462 kilometers from Madinah.
Initially, the Muslims fought skillfully, forcing the disbelievers to flee. However, a hidden force of disbelievers attacked, causing panic among the Muslim ranks. Ultimately, the Muslims prevailed in the battle, capturing thousands of prisoners and acquiring a vast amount of spoils of war.
Note: Hunayn is a valley located between Makkah and Ta'if.
After the Battle of Hunayn, the Final Prophet of Allah ﷺ turned his attention to Taif. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ led his army to besiege the fort of Taif.
The siege lasted for more than two weeks, but it did not benefit much, so the Beloved Prophet ﷺ lifted the siege and made Du’a: “O Allah! Give guidance to Thaqeef, i.e the people of Taif.”
By the virtue of the Du’a of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ, in the year 9 AH, the people of Taif accepted Islam. Upon their request, all the prisoners were released.
Upon returning from Taif, the Beloved Prophet ﷺ distributed the spoils of war from the Battle of Hunayn among the Muslims. He then stayed in Makkah for more than two weeks before returning to Madinah.
Mu’tah is a place in the land of Syria. Here, in the year 8 AH, a magnificent battle took place between the forces of kufr (disbelief) and Islam. In this battle, only three thousand dedicated Muslim soldiers faced an army of a hundred thousand, sacrificing their lives. This battle has become a historical landmark in the history of Islam and will remain so until the Day of Judgment. In this battle, many great and resolute companions رضی اﷲ تعالٰی عنہم of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ were honored with martyrdom.