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The people of Madinah were eagerly awaiting the arrival of the Final Prophet ﷺ, and had news of his arrival. Even the women and children of Madinah spoke of his coming. The journey from Makkah to Madinah usually took 12 days, and they spent these days in anticipation.
After this, they could not help it anymore. Unable to contain their eagerness, they would gather in a field outside Madinah to welcome their Beloved Prophet ﷺ. However, when the sun grew hot, they would return to their homes, filled with longing. This routine continued every day as they would gather with renewed hope and stand ready to welcome him along the path.
One day, as the people of Madinah had returned home after their usual vigil, a Jew from his fort saw a caravan approaching and realized it must be the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ. He shouted, "O people of Madinah! The caravan of mercy, whom you have been waiting for daily, has arrived!" Upon hearing this, all the Ansar, adorned with their weapons, rushed out of their homes filled with joy to welcome the Final Prophet ﷺ.
The Beloved Prophet ﷺ arrived on the 12th of Rabi' al-Awwal at a place three miles from Madinah, where the Mosque of Quba now stands. The tribe of ‘Amr ibn ‘Auf was the fortunate tribe that had the honor of hosting the Beloved Prophet ﷺ first. He stayed at the house of Sayyiduna Kulthoom bin Hidm رضي الله عنه, one of the chiefs of this tribe. Many of the Companions who had previously migrated to Madinah were also staying in this house. Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه had also left Makkah a few days after returning the belongings of the Quraysh and was staying in the same house.
Upon arriving in Quba, the first act of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was to establish a mosque. He ﷺ acquired a barren piece of land belonging to Sayyiduna Kulthoom bin Hidm رضي الله عنه, which was previously used for drying dates. On this land, he ﷺ laid the foundation for the mosque. This mosque is still known today as the Mosque of Quba.
After staying here (in Quba) for a little over two weeks, the Beloved Prophet ﷺ departed for the city of Madinah. On the way, he led the first congregational Friday prayer at the mosque of the Banu Saalim tribe. Then he arrived in the city of Madinah.
When Allah's Final Prophet ﷺ arrived in Madinah, many Ansar companions invited him to stay at their homes. However, the Beloved Prophet ﷺ replied, 'Wherever Allah Almighty wills, my camel will sit there.' His camel knelt at the spot where Masjid al-Nabawi is now situated. Nearby was the house of Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub Ansari رضي الله عنه . With the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ permission, Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub Ansari رضي الله عنه took his belongings to his house and the Beloved Prophet ﷺ stayed there. For seven months, Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub Ansari رضي الله عنه had the honor of hosting the Beloved Prophet ﷺ. When Masjid al-Nabawi and the surrounding rooms were completed, he and his blessed wives moved there.
There was no place in Madinah where Muslims could offer Salah with Jama’ah (congregation), so building a mosque was essential. Near the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ blessed residence was an orchard of Banu Najjaar. This land actually belonged to two orphans. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ called them and they wanted to donate the land for the mosque, but the Beloved Prophet ﷺ did not approve of it and instead purchased it and paid its price from the wealth of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddique رضي الله عنه.
The Beloved Prophet ﷺ personally laid the foundation of the mosque, had a wall made of unbaked bricks, and a roof with date leaves built on the pillars of date trees. The roof would leak during the rain. For the construction of this mosque, the Holy Prophet ﷺ would also carry bricks along with the blessed companions.
It was here that the 'Adhan' (call to prayer) was first initiated. Initially, Sayyiduna Bilal رضي الله عنه was the one who called the Muslims for Salah. Later, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Zaid Ansari رضي الله عنه and other companions heard the words of the Adhan in their dreams. Upon the Holy Prophet's ﷺ command, Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Zaid رضي الله عنه taught these words to Sayyiduna Bilal رضي الله عنه, who then began to give the call to prayer.
From that day onwards, the prescribed method of the Adhan began, which continues to this day and will continue until the Day of Judgment.
At that time, there were around 45 to 50 Muhajireen (emigrants) in Madinah. They were destitute, having left their families, belongings, and wealth behind in Makkah. Although the Ansar had extended great hospitality to them, the Muhajireen did not wish to depend on others for long. Therefore, the Final Messenger of Allah ﷺ devised a solution: he established a bond of brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar, making them brothers.
After the construction of Masjid al-Nabawi, one day, the Beloved Prophet ﷺ gathered the Ansar and Muhajireen companions at the house of Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik رضي الله عنه. Addressing the Ansar, he said, "The Muhajireen are your brothers." Then, he kept calling two people at a time, one from the Muhajireen and one from the Ansar, and saying: "You both are brothers." As soon as he said this, the bond of brotherhood became as real as that of biological brothers. The Ansar took their Muhajir brothers to their homes and presented them with half of their possessions, saying, "As you are our brothers, so half of the things of our homes are yours and half are ours."
Sayyidatuna Aishah رضي الله عنها was six years old when her nikkah with the Beloved Prophet ﷺ took place in the month of Shawwal, in the tenth year of Prophethood, three years before the Hijrah. She moved in with the Beloved Prophet ﷺ in Madinah Munawwarah in Shawwal of 2 AH and remained in the blessed companionship of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ for nine years. Among the Blessed Wives, she was the only one who was a virgin, and she was the most beloved to the Beloved Prophet ﷺ.
Regarding her, the Beloved Prophet ﷺ said that revelation never descended upon him while he was under the blanket of any wife except Sayyidatuna Aishah رضي الله عنها. When she would be with him on the blessed bed, even in that state, divine revelation would descend upon him.
(Bukhari, Volume 1, Page 532 — Virtues of Aishah رضي الله عنها)