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عَنْ اَبِيْ قَتَادَةَرَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : اَنَّ رَسُوْلَ الله صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ الْاِثْنَيْنِ فَقَالَ: ذٰلِكَ يَوْمٌ وُلِدْتُ فِيْهِ وَيَوْمٌ بُعِثْتُ اَوْ اُنْزِلَ عَلَيَّ فِيْهِ.
ریاض الاصالحین (حدیث 1255)Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah رضي الله عنه said: The Noble Prophet ﷺ was asked about fasting on Monday. He replied: “It was on this day that I was born, and on this day I was sent as a prophet—or he said—and on this day revelation was sent down to me.”
It is unanimously agreed upon by the majority of Islamic scholars and historians that the most authentic day of the week for the birth of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ is Monday. A very small number of people disagree with this, but their opinions have been refuted by the majority of scholars through evidence and reasoning. The author Ibn Ishaq also writes that the Beloved Prophet ﷺ was born on a Monday, the twelfth of Rabi'ul Awwal. Similarly, Imam Ibn Hisham quotes Ibn Ishaq in his book 'Sirah Ibn Hisham' saying, قال ابن اسحاق ولد رسول اللّٰه صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم یوم الاثنین لاثنتى عشرة لیلة خلت من شھر ربیع الاول عام الفیل. "Ibn Ishaq said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was born on a Monday, twelve nights before the completion of the month of Rabi'ul Awwal in the Year of the Elephant." A similar narration is found in 'Tabqat al-Kubrah' where it is stated, عن ابى جعفر محمد بن على قال: ولد رسول اللّٰه صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم یوم الاثنین "Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Ali said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was born on a Monday." Another narration from Ibn Abbas states, عن ابن عباس رضى اللّٰه تعالى عنھما قال: ولد رسول اللّٰه صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم يوم الاثنين واستنبى يوم الاثنين، وتوفى يوم الاثنين، ورفع الحجر الأسود يوم الاثنين. "Ibn Abbas reported: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was born on a Monday, prophethood was bestowed upon him on a Monday, he passed away on a Monday, and he lifted the Black Stone on a Monday." Ibn Abbas also narrated, ولد رسول اللّٰه صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم يوم الاثنين فى أول شھر ربيع الأول، وأنزلت عليه النبوة فى يوم الاثنين فى أول شھر ربيع الأول. ودخل المدينة فى يوم الاثنين فى أول شھر ربيع الأول، وتوفى الاثنين فى أول شھر ربيع الأول. "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was born on a Monday at the beginning of the month of Rabi'ul Awwal, prophethood was revealed to him on a Monday at the beginning of the month of Rabi'ul Awwal. He entered Madinah on a Monday at the beginning of the month of Rabi'ul Awwal, and passed away on a Monday at the beginning of the month of Rabi'ul Awwal." From all the above mentioned writings and statements, it is clearly evident that Monday is indeed the day of the birth of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ and holds great significance. Many important events in the Beloved Prophet's ﷺ life occurred on this day, and he used to observe a fast on this day in gratitude to Allah, stating that he fasted on this day because it was his birthday.